Exploring Romanian AK Variants: A Deep Dive into the PM md. 63 and Its Legacy

Romanian AK variants, notably the Pistol Mitralieră model 1963 (PM md. 63) and its derivatives, have played a significant role in the global proliferation of Kalashnikov-pattern rifles. These firearms, produced primarily by Romania’s Cugir Arms Factory, are renowned for their distinctive features and widespread use.

Introduction

The term “Romanian AK variants” refers to a series of assault rifles developed in Romania, based on the Soviet AKM design. Among these, the PM md. 63 stands out as a prominent model that has seen extensive service both domestically and internationally.

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Development and History

In the late 1950s, Romania sought to modernize its infantry weapons by adopting a design based on the Soviet AKM. This initiative led to the development of the PM md. 63, which became the standard-issue rifle for the Romanian Army. The rifle was produced at the Cugir Arms Factory, a facility with a rich history dating back to 1799.

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Design and Features

The PM md. 63 closely mirrors the Soviet AKM but incorporates unique elements:

Vertical Foregrip: A distinctive feature of Romanian AKs is the integrated vertical foregrip on the handguard, designed to assist in controlling muzzle climb during automatic fire.
Selector Markings: Domestic models feature selector markings “S” (safe), “FA” (“Foc Automat” – automatic fire), and “FF” (“Foc cu Foc” – semi-automatic fire). Export versions use “S,” “A,” and “R” for these settings.
Trunnion Stamps: Military rifles typically bear a trunnion stamp—a triangle or a triangle with an upward-pointing arrow—indicating production at the Cugir arsenal.

Variants

Several notable variants have emerged from the original PM md. 63 design:

PM md. 65: This version features an underfolding metal stock, catering to airborne and mechanized infantry units requiring a more compact firearm.
PM md. 90: An evolution of the MD. 63, the md. 90 incorporates a side-folding stock, enhancing portability while maintaining the original’s reliability.
WASR Series: The WASR-10 is a semi-automatic variant designed for the civilian market, particularly in the United States. Manufactured by the Cugir Arms Factory and modified by Century International Arms, it is chambered in 7.62×39mm and lacks the receiver dimples found in standard AKM designs.

Global Impact and Usage

Romanian AK variants have been exported extensively and utilized in numerous conflicts worldwide:

Middle East: Both Iraq and Iran have employed these rifles, especially during the Iran-Iraq War.
Africa: Countries like Libya and Mozambique have incorporated Romanian AKs into their armed forces.
United States: The civilian market has seen a significant influx of Romanian AK variants, with models like the WASR-10 being popular among firearm enthusiasts.

Conclusion

Romanian AK variants, particularly the PM md. 63 and its derivatives have cemented their place in the annals of firearm history. Their unique design features, robust construction, and widespread availability have made them a staple in both military arsenals and civilian collections worldwide.

FAQ

1. What distinguishes the PM md. 63 from other AK variants?

The PM md. 63 features a distinctive integrated vertical foregrip on the handguard, aiding in muzzle control during automatic fire.

2. Where were Romanian AK variants primarily manufactured?

These rifles were chiefly produced at Romania’s Cugir Arms Factory, established in 1799.

3. What does the “G” marking signify on some Romanian AKs?

A “G” engraved on the left side of the rear sight block indicates the rifle was produced for the Romanian Patriotic Guards and is semi-automatic only.